Iran is reeling from Israel's assault

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<img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcset="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/727f/live/f2cbbda0-4844-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/727f/live/f2cbbda0-4844-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/727f/live/f2cbbda0-4844-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/727f/live/f2cbbda0-4844-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/727f/live/f2cbbda0-4844-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/727f/live/f2cbbda0-4844-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/727f/live/f2cbbda0-4844-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/727f/live/f2cbbda0-4844-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp" loading="eager" alt="BBC Treated image of a damaged building in the Iranian capital, Tehran, following an Israeli attack, on 13 June 2025." class="sc-d1200759-0 dvfjxj"/> BBC Israel's "Operation Rising Lion", because it calls its assault on Iran, is unprecedented. It's vastly extra intensive and impressive than something that has come earlier than, together with the 2 missile and drone exchanges it had with Iran final yr. For Iran, that is the largest assault on its territory because the Iran-Iraq Battle of 1980-1988.

Within the darkest hours earlier than daybreak the Israeli Air Drive focused not simply websites linked to Iran's nuclear programme but in addition the nation's air defences and ballistic missile bases, thereby lowering Iran's means to retaliate.

On the bottom and within the shadows, the community of operatives working for Mossad, Israel's abroad intelligence company, reportedly helped to pinpoint the precise location of key figures in each the army command and nuclear scientists.

These killed in a single day embrace the top of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), the guardians of the Islamic Revolution that overthrew the Shah's regime in 1979, in addition to the top of the mainstream armed forces and the top of the IRGC air drive. Iran says at the least six of its scientists have been killed.

As soon as once more, Israel's spy company is proven to have efficiently penetrated the very coronary heart of Iran's safety institution, proving that nobody there's secure.

<img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcset="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/cb79/live/979402f0-483d-11f0-9471-e380f647874e.png.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/cb79/live/979402f0-483d-11f0-9471-e380f647874e.png.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/cb79/live/979402f0-483d-11f0-9471-e380f647874e.png.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/cb79/live/979402f0-483d-11f0-9471-e380f647874e.png.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/cb79/live/979402f0-483d-11f0-9471-e380f647874e.png.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/cb79/live/979402f0-483d-11f0-9471-e380f647874e.png.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/cb79/live/979402f0-483d-11f0-9471-e380f647874e.png.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/cb79/live/979402f0-483d-11f0-9471-e380f647874e.png.webp" loading="lazy" alt="Getty Images A view of damaged vehicles in the Iranian capital, Tehran, following an attack, on 13 June 2025." class="sc-d1200759-0 dvfjxj"/> Getty Photographs There can be many extra potential targets on Israel's hitlist, though some could also be past its attain

Iran's state TV reported that 78 individuals had been killed and stated that civilians, together with kids, had been among the many lifeless. (That is an unofficial determine and has not been independently verified.)

Mossad was reportedly capable of launch drones from inside Iran as a part of this assault. The first targets of this entire operation have been the nuclear enrichment facility at Natanz and bases belonging to the IRGC. For Israeli army planners, this has been a very long time coming.

Iran is reeling and this can be solely the primary wave. There can be many extra potential targets on Israel's hitlist, though some could also be past its attain, buried deep underground in strengthened bases beneath strong rock.

So what has led to this assault by Israel and why now?

Curbing Iran's nuclear programme

Israel, and several other Western international locations, suspect that Iran has been secretly working in the direction of what known as "breakout functionality", that means the purpose of no return in growing a viable nuclear weapon.

Iran denies this and has all the time insisted that its civil nuclear programme – which has obtained assist from Russia – is for totally peaceable functions.

For greater than a decade Israel has been attempting, with various levels of success, to decelerate and set again Iran's nuclear progress. Iranian scientists have been mysteriously assassinated by unknown assailants, the army head of the nuclear programme, Brig-Gen Fakhrizadeh was killed by a remote-controlled machine-gun on a lonely highway close to Tehran in 2020.

Earlier than that, US and Israeli cyber sleuths had been capable of insert a devastating pc virus, codenamed Stuxnet, into Iran's centrifuges, which triggered them to spin uncontrolled.

<img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcset="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/54cc/live/343cd610-486e-11f0-9471-e380f647874e.png.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/54cc/live/343cd610-486e-11f0-9471-e380f647874e.png.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/54cc/live/343cd610-486e-11f0-9471-e380f647874e.png.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/54cc/live/343cd610-486e-11f0-9471-e380f647874e.png.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/54cc/live/343cd610-486e-11f0-9471-e380f647874e.png.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/54cc/live/343cd610-486e-11f0-9471-e380f647874e.png.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/54cc/live/343cd610-486e-11f0-9471-e380f647874e.png.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/54cc/live/343cd610-486e-11f0-9471-e380f647874e.png.webp" loading="lazy" alt="Getty Images A file photo dated 18 April 2019 shows Iranian Chief of Staff Mohammad Bagheri and then-Iranian President Hassan Rouhani attending a military parade in Tehran, Iran." class="sc-d1200759-0 dvfjxj"/> Getty Photographs Mohammad Bagheri, Chief of Workers of the nation's armed forces (pictured left) was amongst these killed

This week the UN's nuclear watchdog, the Worldwide Atomic Vitality Company (IAEA), discovered Iran to be in breach of its non-proliferation obligations and threatened to refer it to the UN Safety Council.

Most of the considerations over Iran's nuclear programme come up from its stockpiling of extremely enriched uranium (HEU) that has been enriched as much as 60 per cent, far past the extent wanted to generate civil nuclear energy and a comparatively quick hop to the extent wanted to start out constructing a bomb.

There was a deal to curb Iran's nuclear programme. It was concluded in 2015 throughout the Obama presidency, however Donald Trump referred to as it "the worst deal on the earth" and when he obtained into the White Home he pulled the US out of it. The next yr Iran stopped complying with it.

No one outdoors Iran needs the Islamic Republic to own the nuclear bomb. Israel, a small nation with a lot of its 9.5 million-strong inhabitants concentrated in city areas, views a nuclear-armed Iran as an existential menace.

It factors to the quite a few statements by senior Iranian figures calling for the destruction of the State of Israel. Saudi Arabia, Jordan and the Gulf Arab states do not a lot look after Iran's revolutionary Islamic Republic regime however they've realized to reside with it as a neighbour.

<img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcset="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/8a66/live/ef4823e0-483e-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/8a66/live/ef4823e0-483e-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/8a66/live/ef4823e0-483e-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/8a66/live/ef4823e0-483e-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/8a66/live/ef4823e0-483e-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/8a66/live/ef4823e0-483e-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/8a66/live/ef4823e0-483e-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/8a66/live/ef4823e0-483e-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp" loading="lazy" alt="Getty Images A view of a damaged building in the Iranian capital, Tehran, following an Israeli attack, on 13 June 2025." class="sc-d1200759-0 dvfjxj"/> Getty Photographs Mossad was reportedly capable of launch drones from inside Iran as a part of the assault

They are going to now be extraordinarily nervous in regards to the dangers of this battle spreading to their very own shores.

For Israel, the timing was essential. Iran has already been weakened by the efficient defeat or elimination of its proxies and allies in Lebanon, Syria and Gaza. Its air defences had been closely compromised after final October's assaults by Israel.

There's a sympathetic president within the White Home and lastly, Israel reportedly feared that a few of Iran's key uranium enrichment tools was about to be moved deep underground.

The place does this go from right here?

It's clear what Israel needs by this operation: it's aiming to, on the very least, set again Iran's nuclear programme by years. Ideally it want to halt it altogether.

There can even be many in Israel's army, political and intelligence circles who can be hoping that this operation might even so weaken Iran's management that it collapses altogether, ushering in a extra benign regime that now not poses a menace within the area. That could be wishful considering on their half.

President Trump stated on Friday that Iran had "a second likelihood" to comply with a deal. A sixth spherical of US-Iran negotiations was attributable to happen in Muscat on Sunday however Israel doesn't set a lot retailer by these talks.

<img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcset="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/e792/live/62901f70-483e-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/e792/live/62901f70-483e-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/e792/live/62901f70-483e-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/e792/live/62901f70-483e-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/e792/live/62901f70-483e-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/e792/live/62901f70-483e-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/e792/live/62901f70-483e-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/e792/live/62901f70-483e-11f0-bbaa-4bc03e0665b7.png.webp" loading="lazy" alt="Getty Images Donald Trump speaks alongside Benjamin Netanyahu during a meeting in the Oval Office of the White House on 7 April 2025." class="sc-d1200759-0 dvfjxj"/> Getty Photographs For Israel the timing was essential, says Frank Gardner. Amongst different issues, there's a sympathetic president within the White Home

Simply as Russia is accused of stringing alongside Trump over peace talks with Ukraine, Israel believes Iran is doing the identical right here.

Israel believes that is its greatest and probably final likelihood to kill off Iran's suspected nuclear weapons programme.

"Israel's unprecedented strikes throughout Iran in a single day had been designed to kill President Trump's probabilities of hanging a deal to comprise the Iranian nuclear programme," says Ellie Geranmayeh, Senior Coverage Fellow on the European Council on International Relations (ECFR).

"It's clear their [the attacks] timing and large-scale nature was supposed to utterly derail talks."

Washington has gone to some lengths to relay to Iran that it was not concerned on this assault. But when Iran decides to retaliate in opposition to any of the numerous US bases within the area, both instantly or through its proxies, then there's a danger the US might get dragged into one more Center East battle.

Iran's Supreme Chief Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has vowed "harsh punishment" for Israel however Iran is in a a lot weaker place at present than it was two years in the past and its choices for retaliation are restricted.

Discuss of a nuclear arms race

There may be, nonetheless, a good larger danger right here. Israel's operation might nonetheless backfire, triggering a nuclear arms race.

Hardline hawks inside Iran's safety institution have lengthy argued that the very best deterrence in opposition to future assaults by Israel or the US could be for it to accumulate the nuclear bomb. They are going to have taken word of the differing fates of leaders in Libya and North Korea.

Libya's Colonel Gaddafi gave up his Weapons of Mass Destruction programme in 2003; eight years later he was lifeless in a ditch, overthrown by the Arab Spring protests that had been backed by Western air energy.

Against this, North Korea has defied all worldwide sanctions to construct up a formidable arsenal of nuclear warheads and intercontinental ballistic missiles, sufficient to make any potential attacker assume twice.

Regardless of the remaining injury quantities to from Israel's Operation Rising Lion, if Iran's regime survives – and it has defied the chances earlier than – then there's a danger it'll now speed up its race in the direction of constructing and even testing a nuclear bomb.

If that occurs then it'll virtually inevitably set off a nuclear arms race within the Center East, with Saudi Arabia, Turkey and probably Egypt all deciding they want one too.

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