The Colombian scientist breeding hope underwater : NPR

[ad_1] <img src="https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/4032x3024+0+0/resize/1100/quality/50/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F05%2F51%2F06764371485a8a4d7df902d9f355%2Fcoral31.jpeg" data-template="https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/4032x3024+0+0/resize/{width}/quality/{quality}/format/{format}/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F05%2F51%2F06764371485a8a4d7df902d9f355%2Fcoral31.jpeg" class="img" alt="Marine biologist Elvira Alvarado, known as the “mother of coral”. At 70, she’s still diving and pioneering a type of coral IVF to help save endangered reefs." fetchpriority="high"/> Marine biologist Elvira Alvarado, often known as the "mom of coral". At 70, she's nonetheless diving and pioneering a sort of coral IVF to assist save endangered reefs. John Otis/NPR conceal caption

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John Otis/NPR SAN ANDRÉS, Colombia — Practically 50 years after she first placed on a wetsuit, Elvira Alvarado nonetheless remembers coming upon a coral reef off Colombia's Caribbean coast.

"All the things was alive. And it was inexperienced and vibrant orange. And there have been fishes. And there have been big issues. They usually had been corals. It was astonishing," she says. "Are you able to think about paradise? It is paradise."

At 70, Colombian marine biologist Elvira Alvarado remains to be diving, researching and coaching a brand new technology of scientists. Her mission: rescuing Colombia's endangered coral reefs by reproducing coral by means of in-vitro fertilization. Her lifelong dedication to those marine invertebrates has earned her the nickname: "the mom of Colombian corals."

Coral are important ecosystems that present meals, shelter and breeding grounds for some 4,000 fish species. They shield shorelines from erosion. They even assist tourism by attracting snorkelers and divers.

Nonetheless, illnesses, air pollution and rising ocean temperatures are taking an enormous toll. For the reason that Seventies, greater than half of all of the coral within the Caribbean have died.

"I noticed them dying. I noticed them turning white," says Alvarado from the Colombian island of San Andrés within the Caribbean Sea, the place most of the as soon as unique, garden-like coral reefs at the moment are barren.

Juliana Vanegas, a marine biologist who works with Alvarado, explains what occurs.

"The coral are nonetheless alive, however when they're bleached and will not be feeding, they begin to get weaker and weaker," she says. "And if that lasts for sufficient time the coral die, mainly of hunger."

As well as, coral weakened by illness or overheated water have a a lot more durable time reproducing. So, right here on San Andrés, Alvarado and her workforce of a couple of dozen divers, decked out in scuba gear, are lending a hand by means of in-vitro fertilization, or IVF.

The approach was pioneered by Australian scientist Peter Harrison. It entails gathering coral eggs and sperm, fertilizing them in a laboratory, then transplanting them to present reefs. Alvarado has develop into Colombia's most energetic proponent of the approach.

<img src="https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/4032x3024+0+0/resize/1100/quality/50/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ffc%2F12%2Fd6ab39bf41baa485b4edc53dfa53%2Fcoral12.jpeg" data-template="https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/4032x3024+0+0/resize/{width}/quality/{quality}/format/{format}/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ffc%2F12%2Fd6ab39bf41baa485b4edc53dfa53%2Fcoral12.jpeg" class="img" alt="Elvira Alvarado and a fellow marine biologist fertilize coral eggs and sperm in the lab, using a pioneering technique to restore damaged reefs." loading="lazy"/> Elvira Alvarado and a fellow marine biologist fertilize coral eggs and sperm within the lab, utilizing a pioneering approach to revive broken reefs. John Otis/NPR conceal caption

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John Otis/NPR "We will not cease what is going on," she says, referring to local weather change and extremely deadly threats like Stony Coral Tissue Loss Illness, which was first reported in 2014 and has unfold all through the Caribbean. "However we will attempt to exchange coral that is dying."

Alvarado was first drawn to the ocean by tv. As a younger lady dwelling within the U.S. she was fascinated by applications like Sea Hunt and Flipper, a couple of bottlenose dolphin that outsmarts many of the people on the present.

She moved again in Colombia within the Nineteen Sixties to grew to become one of many nation's first feminine marine biologists to give attention to coral reef restoration. Alongside the way in which she acquired to fulfill Jacques Cousteau, the world's most well-known oceanographer who visited her college.

"We sat down, and he was speaking to me. It was a dream," she says.

<img src="https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/3024x4032+0+0/resize/1100/quality/50/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc8%2F5c%2F0bb60d2140b8af6ffa2518a4ce61%2Fcoral35.jpeg" data-template="https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/3024x4032+0+0/resize/{width}/quality/{quality}/format/{format}/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc8%2F5c%2F0bb60d2140b8af6ffa2518a4ce61%2Fcoral35.jpeg" class="img" alt="Elvira Alvarado, in the Caribbean Sea off the Colombian island of San Andrés. At 70, the marine biologist is still diving, researching and training a new generation of scientists." loading="lazy"/> Elvira Alvarado, within the Caribbean Sea off the Colombian island of San Andrés. At 70, the marine biologist remains to be diving, researching and coaching a brand new technology of scientists. John Otis/NPR conceal caption

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John Otis/NPR Alvarado was a pure underwater. She realized to free dive — with out air tanks — to a depth of 72 toes. She initially did most cancers analysis involving sharks. Nonetheless, as coral started dying off, she targeted on reef restoration by rising new coral.

Timing is every little thing. Coral spawn simply annually, a couple of week after the complete moon. That offers Alvarado's workforce right here on San Andrés only a tiny window of alternative to dive down and accumulate coral eggs and sperm.

Alvarado strikes gracefully underwater. Some 30 toes down, she and her workforce place nets with assortment tubes round chosen coral. Then, after darkish on a second dive, they verify the gathering tubes. Final night time, they got here up empty. However tonight's a distinct story.

"They've spawned," yells an ecstatic Alvarado, who then rushes off to a makeshift laboratory.

There, she and the workforce combine collectively eggs and sperm and place them in water-filled plastic tubs. Underneath a microscope, they seem creamy white within the form of raspberries. Quickly, the coral hatchlings shall be positioned in seaside nurseries for six to 12 months then taken again to the reefs.

And since the workforce has gathered genetic materials from coral that seem extra immune to warmth and stress, their efforts are designed to breed hardier varieties. The trick, says Alvarado, is to regenerate coral sooner than they die. However she's additionally reasonable.

Whereas coral reefs is not going to be as numerous as they had been when she first began diving within the Seventies, she says: "We could have reefs which are immune to the warming situations."

<img src="https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1024x768+0+0/resize/1100/quality/50/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fae%2F00%2F5588d87643c8918b2bab0109d6f0%2Funderwater1.jpg" data-template="https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1024x768+0+0/resize/{width}/quality/{quality}/format/{format}/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fae%2F00%2F5588d87643c8918b2bab0109d6f0%2Funderwater1.jpg" class="img" alt="Nets are placed over coral to collect eggs and sperm, part of efforts to fertilize and restore the reef." loading="lazy"/> Nets are positioned over coral to gather eggs and sperm, a part of efforts to fertilize and restore the reef. John Otis/NPR conceal caption

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John Otis/NPR She's additionally proud to have mentored scores of younger marine biologists — principally girls — who all appear to adore her.

"She's a really inspiring girl," says María Fernanda Maya who heads the Blue Indigo Basis that works to revive reefs. "She's the mom of coral in Colombia."

That is why, when Alvarado lastly does grasp up her swim fins, her legacy will reside on.

"Once I began this, we had been simply three folks — two college students and me. And look what we have now," Alvarado says. "This can proceed even after I am useless. That is the great factor."